Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. College of Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology and Department of Medicine, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland. Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. kmadsen@ualberta.ca.